Does The Quality Of Dietary Intake Improve With Regular Exercise?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lifestyle-induced reduction in health risk is thought to be the result of improvement in both exercise and eating behaviour. Whether increasing exercise is associated with a corresponding improvement in eating behaviour is unclear. PURPOSE: To determine if the adoption of exercise consistent with consensus recommendations influences diet quality in previously sedentary adults. METHODS: Participants were 129 obese (BMI: 33.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2), middle-aged (51.5 ± 7.9 years), sedentary adults (81 females [62.8%]) who were randomly assigned to one of the following 4 groups: i) no-exercise control (n=32), ii) low-amount, low-intensity exercise (LALI) (180 and 300 kcal/ session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of VO2peak) (n=36), iii) high-amount, low-intensity exercise (HALI) (360 and 600 kcal/session, respectively, at 50% of VO2peak) (n=40), iv) high-amount, high-intensity exercise (HAHI) (360 and 600 kcal/session, respectively, at 75% of VO2peak) (n=21). All exercise sessions were supervised. Self-reported daily diet records were assessed using an automated web-based program. The Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was averaged from 3-day diet records obtained at baseline, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. C-HEI is calculated using 8 adequacy (total vegetables and fruit, whole fruit, dark green and orange vegetables, total grain products, whole grains, milk and alternatives, meat and alternatives) and 3 moderation (saturated fats, sodium, other food) components. The components were summed to produce a single score between 0 and 100, with higher scores reflecting greater adherence to 2007 Canada’s Food Guide, and hence better diet quality. RESULTS: Mean (± standard deviation) C-HEI in all participants at baseline was 58.4 ± 13.4, with no difference between groups (P= 0.40). There was no change in C-HEI at 24 weeks vs baseline in any of the groups assigned to increased amounts of exercise or intensity (p=0.5). Collapsed across all groups, the mean change in C-HEI at 24 weeks was (3.9 ± 16.0). CONCLUSION: The diet quality of the participants, as reflected by the C-HEI, was poor at baseline and was not improved consequent to the adoption of exercise consistent with consensus recommendations. Contrary to expectations, engaging in a structured exercise program is not paralleled by favorable changes in dietary behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".