First Report of Anthracnose of <i>Mandevilla</i> × <i>amabilis</i> Caused by <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i> in Guangxi, Southern China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 12First Report of Anthracnose of Mandevilla × amabilis Caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in Guangxi, Southern China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Anthracnose of Mandevilla × amabilis Caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in Guangxi, Southern ChinaMingyan Sun, Jiang Zhao, Qili Li, Vivian Forte-Perri, Zhaoyang Bu, Yanfei La, and Dayan TaoMingyan SunFlowers Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Jiang ZhaoCollege of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China, Qili Li†Corresponding author: Q. L. Li; E-mail Address: liqili@gxaas.net, E-mail Address: 65615384@qq.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5775-8910Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Vivian Forte-PerriSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Zhaoyang BuFlowers Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Yanfei LaFlowers Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Dayan TaoFlowers Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Mingyan Sun1 Jiang Zhao2 Qili Li3 † Vivian Forte-Perri4 Zhaoyang Bu1 Yanfei La1 Dayan Tao1 1Flowers Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China 2College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China 3Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China 4School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Published Online:8 Oct 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0740-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFPDF PlusSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleMandevilla × amabilis is an ornamental plant widely used in southern China, appreciated for its large flowers, bright color, and heat tolerance (Oder et al. 2016). In June to August 2019, an anthracnose disease was observed on M. × amabilis plants in a nursery in Nanning, Guangxi, China (108°14′30″E, 22°51′02″N). Symptoms began as red-brown spots, which gradually enlarged (0.2 to 1.1 cm in width and 0.3 to 1.5 cm in length), overlapped, and extended until the leaves wilted. Of the 70 plants surveyed, more than 80% of leaves showed these symptoms. To determine the causal agent, samples were gathered from symptomatic leaves, cut to 3 × 3 mm, moistened with 75% ethanol for 10 s, sterilized with 2% NaClO for 2 min, and rinsed three times in sterile water. Sterilized samples were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C in the dark. After 6 days, hyphal margins were subcultured onto fresh PDA and incubated at 25°C. Cultures grown on PDA started as gray-white, turned dark gray after 9 days of growth, and conidia were produced after 13 days. Conidia were hyaline, guttulate, unicellular, cylindrical, and averaged 15.74 × 5.84 μm. Three single-spore isolates, PXT1-1, PXT1-5, and PXT2-1, were selected as representatives for molecular identification. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), a partial sequence of the actin gene (ACT), the chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH), beta-tubulin (TUB2), and intergenic region of apn2 and MAT1-2-1 genes (ApMat) of isolates PXT1-1, PXT1-5, and PXT2-1 were amplified with the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, ACT-512F/ACT-783R, CHS-79F/CHS-354R, GDF1/GDR1, T1/Bt-2b (Weir et al. 2012), and AM-F/AM-R (Silva et al. 2012), respectively. The sequences were compared with the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and had more than 99% similarity to ITS (JX010165), ACT (FJ907426), CHS (JX009866), GAPDH (JX010033), TUB2 (JX010405), and ApMat (JQ807838) of Colletotrichum fructicola isolate ICMP18581. The sequences were deposited into GenBank (accessions MT193419 to MT193421 for ITS, MT193101 to MT193103 for ACT, MT193098 to MT193100 for CHS, MT193095 to MT193097 for GAPDH, MT193092 to MT193094 for TUB2, and MT193089 to MT193091 for ApMat, respectively). Based on genetic and morphological results, the isolates were identified as C. fructicola. Pathogenicity was tested on 72 healthy leaves from nine 2-year-old plants (M. × amabilis, eight leaves per plant) in November 2019 in a greenhouse in Nanning, Guangxi, China using isolates PXT1-1, PXT1-5, and PXT2-1. Two wounds were made slightly on either side of the vein on each leaf using a sterilized toothpick, and each wounded site was inoculated with 10 μl of a 1 × 106 conidia/ml suspension. Leaves of three plants were treated with sterile water for the control. Plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain high humidity and placed in a greenhouse kept at 28°C with a 12-h photoperiod. At 5 days postinoculation, all the inoculated leaves developed dark brown lesions (0.1 to 1.4 cm in width and 0.2 to 1.6 cm in length), whereas controls remained disease free. The fungus was reisolated from symptomatic inoculated leaves and identification confirmed by morphology and sequencing, fulfilling Koch's postulates. C. fructicola can cause leaf diseases in a variety of crops and ornamental plants, including apple, tea plants, sage, and orchid (Guarnaccia et al. 2019; Kim et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola causing anthracnose on M. × amabilis in China. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the epidemiology and control of anthracnose caused by C. fructicola on M. × amabilis.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Guarnaccia, V., et al. 2019. Agronomy 9:613. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100613 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarKim, C., et al. 2018. Plant Dis. 102:2653. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-18-0717-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarOder, A., et al. 2016. Molecules 21:1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101316 Crossref, Google ScholarSilva, D. N., et al. 2012. Mycologia 104:396. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-145 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWeir, B. S., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:115. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0011 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarM. Y. Sun and J. Zhao contributed equally to the work.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: The research was supported by Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi (grant no. AA17204046-1) and Foundation for Development of Science and Technology Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2015YT89, 2018YT33, and GNKJZ202013).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 12 December 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionUredinia of Phragmidium violaceum on European blackberry (K. J. Evans et al.). Photo credit: L. Morin. Strawberry fruit rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (M. V. Marin and N. A. Peres). Photo credit: M. V. Marin. Metrics Downloaded 442 times Article History Issue Date: 1 Dec 2020Published: 8 Oct 2020First Look: 7 Jul 2020Accepted: 2 Jul 2020 Page: 3258 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingScience and Technology Major Project of GuangxiGrant/Award Number: AA17204046-1Foundation for Development of Science and Technology Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesGrant/Award Number: 2015YT89Grant/Award Number: 2018YT33Grant/Award Number: GNKJZ202013KeywordsMandevilla × amabilisColletotrichum fructicolaanthracnoseThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.

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