Laws of Blasphemy in Non-Muslim Countries An Analytical Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A blasphemy law is a law relating to blasphemy or irreverence towards holy prophets or beliefs or traditions. These laws may forbid: the vilification of religion, religious insults, defamation of religion, denigration of religion, offending feelings, or the contempt of religion. In some jurisdictions, blasphemy laws include hate speech laws that extend beyond prohibiting the imminent incitement of hatred and violence. This study examines the Blasphemy laws of UK, the USA, Canada, France, Denmark, Norway, Israel, Australia, Germany, Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Greece, Malta and Zimbabwe. Blasphemy law has been implemented almost in all the non-Muslim countries especially where legislation is based on the divine scriptures or Bible. This study proves that these non-Muslim countries still retain blasphemy and related laws. The existence of these rules in these countries proves that blasphemy is still a crime according to their own laws. The Western jurisdictions retain such laws in their books and some have even enforced them in recent years. Also there have been some prosecutions recently. This study proves the insincerity of the non-Muslim countries who, despite the presence of these laws in their own countries, force Muslim countries to eradicate such laws which are related to Tāūẖyn-y-Risāʾlāt or Blasphemy in Muslim Countries in the name of freedom of Speech.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".