Peripherally Excited Phased Arrays with Practical Active Huygens’ Sources and Slot Elements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Antenna phased arrays have become increasingly important in recent years with the advent of technologies such as 5G communications, automotive radars, and satellite internet. These phased arrays are costly to design, fabricate and deploy. A main component of the cost of traditional phased arrays is that of the necessary feeding network and phase shifters or transceivers. A recently developed concept called the peripherally-excited (PEX) phased array has been proposed which is capable of generating electronically scanned pencil beams with a reduced number of phase shifters. The concept of the PEX phased array relies on peripheral active Huygens’ sources that are used solely along the periphery of the cavity. This paper proposes a practical Huygens’ source implementation which is compatible with printed-circuit-board technology, and exhibits acceptable reflections and mutual coupling between adjacent sources. Furthermore, a specially-engineered slot arrangement is proposed which can achieve effective radiation at broadside and tilted angles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".