Assessment of natural enemies for pest control on an indoor living wall
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Living walls are comprised of tropical plants that are susceptible to a variety of insect pests, but little information is available to help achieve effective pest control on vertical plant canopies.Although insect natural enemies can provide efficient pest control in indoor environments, the vertical canopies of living walls present challenges for natural enemy dispersal and success.During this six-month study, commercially-available natural enemies were released to control aphid outbreaks and a heavy infestation of soft brown scales on an indoor living wall.Three lady beetles were used: Lindorus (Rhyzobius) lophanthae (scale destroyer) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (mealybug destroyer) were released for scale control, and Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle) was released to control aphids.Chrysoperla carnea (green lacewings) were released to observe natural enemy migration.Brown soft scale on Schefflera was reduced from 83.2 to 7.5 scales per leaflet (mid-May to mid-October; 91% reduction).C. montrouzieri was the only natural enemy able to establish itself on the wall, and their larvae were easy to monitor.Although the physical environment of the upper and lower canopies differed considerably, the natural enemies used were able to migrate freely and provide effective pest control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".