An Executive Function Benefit Persists For Between 30- And 60-min Post-exercise: Evidence From Task-switching
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A single-bout of aerobic exercise produces a short-term ‘boost’ to executive function. For example, recent work by our group has shown that the high-level executive function of ‘switching’ between different tasks is improved following a 20-min single-bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Notably, previous work examined immediate exercise-related task-switching benefits and it is therefore unknown how long the benefit to executive function persists. PURPOSE: Here, we employed an AABB task-switching paradigm involving stimulus-driven (SD) saccades (i.e., saccade at target onset) and their executive mediated minimally delayed (MD) counterparts (i.e., saccade at target offset). MD saccades require active response suppression of a SD saccade and are mediated via an extensive frontoparietal network. Further, a SD saccade completed following a MD saccade results in an increase in reaction time (RT), whereas the converse switch does not (i.e., the unidirectional switch-cost) - a result attributed to a task-set inertia within executive networks. METHODS: SD and MD saccades were completed prior to and immediately, 30-min and 60-min after a 20-min single-bout of aerobic exercise (via cycle ergometer) at a moderate intensity (80% of HRmax). RESULTS: The pre-exercise oculomotor assessment revealed a reliable unidirectional switch-cost (22 ms, SD=18) (p<.001) and the magnitude of this cost decreased at the immediate (9 ms, SD=12) and 30-min (11 ms, SD=15) post-exercise assessments (ps<.01). At the 60-min assessment, a switch-cost (20 ms, SD=22) on par to the pre-exercise assessment was observed. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, a single-bout of aerobic exercise provides a boost to the executive function of task-switching that persists between 30- and 60-min post-exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".