Monitoring of post-outburst near-infrared flux from the anomalous x-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On 18 June 2002, the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586 underwent a major X-ray outburst that lasted several hours and consequently linked AXPs to the class of magnetar-candidates known as soft gamma repeaters (SGRs). Three days after the outburst, observations with the Gemini Observatory showed a near-infrared flux enhancement, presumably associated with the X-ray activity. We have since performed a ~1.5 year monitoring program of the Ks band (2.5 mum) photometry, and find that the flux decreased continually, reaching its pre-burst level after about one year. Comparing both the near-IR flux increase and subsequent decay to those of the X-ray afterglow, we find them to be remarkably consistent. This correlated post-burst activity confirms the association between the X-ray outburst and IR enhancement, and implies a physical link between their origins. In the context of the magnetar model, both types of emission appear to be from the neutron star magnetosphere, although the mechanism powering IR radiation is still unclear. We also compare our results to recent optical/IR observations of other AXPs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".