A continuum model of unstable infiltration in porous media endowed with an entropy function
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a thermodynamic approach to modeling unsaturated flow in porous media, where the liquid saturation is understood as the state variable. The free energy functional is designed as a symmetric expansion of the traditional capillary energy density in Richards equation , therefore removing ambiguities on the interpretation of the higher-order term in the model equation. The proposed definition renders a formulation that leads naturally to an entropy function of the system, and we show that the model describes an entropy-increasing process for an isolated system. The new formulation reproduces gravity fingering during infiltration in soil. We show that the nonlinear and singular structure of the capillary pinning function in the fourth-order term plays a fundamental role in the behavior and stability of infiltration fronts, promoting front pinning and the persistence of fingered infiltration at relatively large flux ratios.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it