Probing the Growth of Massive Black Holes with Black Hole–Host Galaxy Spin Correlations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Supermassive black holes are commonly found at the centers of their host galaxies, but their formation still remains an open question. In light of the tight correlation between the black hole (BH) mass and the velocity dispersions of the bulge component of the host galaxy, a BH–host galaxy coevolution scenario has been established. Such a description, however, still contains many theoretical uncertainties, including puzzles about the formation of BH seeds at high redshifts and the growth channel fueling these seeds. In this work, we systematically analyze the signatures of different growth channels on massive BH (MBH) spins. We show that different growth channels can be partially distinguished with the magnitudes of MBH spins inferred from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. In addition, we propose measuring the correlation between the directions of MBH spins and their host galaxy spins, which is possible for extreme-mass-ratio inspirals happening in low-redshift galaxies ( ). With the inclusion of spin direction correlation different formation channels shall be significantly better constrained.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".