Characterising phospholipids and free fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia: A case-control study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have indicated that schizophrenia (SCZ) is linked to abnormal phospholipid and fatty acid metabolism. However, comprehensive analysis of phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFAs) for SCZ is very limited. Herein, we sought to compare serum levels of phospholipids and FFAs between patients with SCZ and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: One hundred and nineteen SCZ patients and 109 HCs were enrolled in the study. The levels of 177 phospholipids and FFAs were measured in serum samples using a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based platform. RESULTS: One hundred and ten metabolites, including 16 FFAs, 25 phosphatidylcholines, 23 lysophosphatidylcholines, 11 phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens, 7 phosphatidylethanolamines, 9 lysophosphatidylethanolamines, 6 phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens, and 13 sphingomyelins, were observed to be significantly altered in SCZ patients compared to HCs. These disturbances may represent underlying pathophysiology, including but not limited to altered activity of phospholipases and acyltransferases, increased oxidative stress, dysfunctional oligodendrocyte glycosynapses, and elevated lipid mobilisation and β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that complex lipid profile abnormalities are associated with SCZ. This study may contribute to investigating the role of phospholipid and FFA alterations in the pathoetiology of SCZ.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".