Combination of quercetin and exercise training attenuates depression in rats with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colorectal cancer: Possible involvement of inflammation and BDNF signalling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? What are the alleviative effects of the combination of exercise training and quercetin supplementation on colorectal cancer‐related depression in rats with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colorectal cancer and what is the corresponding signalling pathway? What is the main finding and its importance? We showed that the combination of exercise training and quercetin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in tumour incidence and improvement in depressive‐like behaviours through modulation of the BDNF/TrKβ/β‐catenin axis in the prefrontal cortex. Abstract In addition to physical problems, depression is considered to be one of the most important challenges for patients with various types of cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Inflammation and upregulation of brain neurotrophic factors are two major links between cancer and depression. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the alleviative effects of quercetin and exercise training on depressive‐like behaviours in rats with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced colorectal cancer and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Animals were assigned into the following five groups: (i) control group; (ii) DMH (20 mg kg−1s.c., once a week for 10 weeks); (iii) DMH for 10 weeks, followed by quercetin (50 mg kg−1p.o., once per week) for 12 weeks; (iv) DMH for 10 weeks, followed by exercise training for 12 weeks; and (v) DMH for 10 weeks, followed by quercetin and exercise training for 12 weeks. The DMH‐treated rats showed an increase in depressive‐like behaviours in both open field and forced swimming tests. Histopathological examination revealed neural damage and reduced Nissl bodies in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, administration of DMH increased inflammatory cytokines in the serum, prefrontal cortex and tumour tissues and decreased the expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase β receptor (TrKβ) and β‐catenin in the cortex. In contrast, treatment with quercetin and exercise training effectively alleviated all the above‐mentioned DMH‐associated behavioural, biochemical and histopathological alterations without changing its anti‐tumour activity. Taken together, our results show that the combination of quercetin and exercise training exerts potent anti‐tumour and anti‐depressive effects through suppression of inflammation and upregulation of the BDNF/TrKβ/β‐catenin axis in the prefrontal cortex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".