Effect of glass composition on the crystallization of CePO<sub>4</sub>–borosilicate glass composite materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glass–ceramic composite materials are composed of ceramic crystallites within a glass matrix. These materials have been suggested as nuclear waste forms; however, the formation of targeted crystal phases remains a challenge to utilizing these materials as waste forms. The crystallization of composite materials consisting of CePO 4 dispersed in borosilicate glass at low temperatures was investigated in this study. The basicity of the borosilicate glass matrix was decreased to favour Ce 3+ and the formation of CePO 4 at low annealing temperatures using a one-step coprecipitation method. The basicity of the glass was lowered by removing the network modifier oxides from the glass composition. The crystalline phases, Ce oxidation states, and elemental distribution in CePO 4 –borosilicate glass composite materials were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, Ce L 1 - and L 3 -edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Lowering the glass basicity was successful in favouring the formation of CePO 4 and had the added benefit of reducing the crystallization of unwanted crystal phases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".