A Review of North American Isoetes engelmannii (Isoetaceae) complex hybrids, including the description of I. × fernaldii, hyb. nov. and I. × karenae, hyb. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Isoetes engelmannii complex of eastern North America consists of 30 taxa including 13 named species. Nine of the 17 hybrids within the complex (the largest group of Isoetes hybrids in the world) have been formally described. Those named hybrids are reviewed here in light of recent additions to and enhancements of the morphological and cytological evidence employed in their original description. The pedigree of three of these, I. ×brittonii, I. ×bruntonii and I. ×carltaylorii, is updated and clarified. Formal descriptions are proposed for two additional taxa: I. ×fernaldii, hyb. nov. (I. engelmannii × I. hyemalis) and I. ×karenae, hyb. nov. (I. appalachiana × engelmannii). The potential for a further eight hybrid combinations to occur in the wild is also addressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".