Revolutionary Events in Russia in the Press of the Prairie Provinces of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discusses the perception of revolutionary events in Russia, the February and the October revolutions in particular, in newspapers of three Prairie provinces of Canada (Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan). These events were perceived by the press of West Canada (as well as the press of other Canadian regions) rather ambiguously - perception of the February and October events was diametrically opposite. The February revolution was greeted by the press of the Canadian West with enthusiasm. Newspapers welcomed the overthrow of Russian autocracy, and hoped that new Russian democratic regime would be able more effectively fight against Germany. The Tsarist regime was sharply criticized by the Western Canadian press. Tsar’s government was blamed for ignoring democratic freedoms, the bureaucratization of the state apparatus and, in particular, the collapse of the army. For the Prairie’s provincial press, the most important was precisely the question of whether Russia could continue to participate in the war - the success of the Canadian forces in the Western Front directly depended on the effectiveness of Russians troops in the Eastern Front. Both the establishment of democracy in Russia and hopes for a turnaround on the Eastern Front were associated by the West Canadian press with the name of the Chairman of the Provisional Government - A. F. Kerensky. However, he could not live up to expectation of Canadians - his popularity fell sharply after the failure of the July offensive by the Russian army. Nevertheless, after the events of October 1917, the press of Western Canada completely sided with the ousted Provisional Government, sharply criticizing the actions of the Bolsheviks. This was due, in many respects, to their negative reputation. Since before the October Revolution press of the Prairie’s provinces portrayed them as dangerous radicals. After October 1917 in Western Canadian newspapers a large-scale anti-Bolshevik campaign started. The Bolsheviks was accused of establishing a dictatorship in Russia, suppressing dissent and, in particular, close cooperation with Germany. Thus, the newspapers of three Western Canadian provinces perceived the two Russian revolutions in completely different ways: the February Revolution was enthusiastically accepted by them, while the October Revolution was rejected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".