Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2002, the England men’s football team qualified for the World Cup finals. The manner of their qualification, which included a spectacular 5-1 defeat of Germany in Munich and a late equaliser against Greece, raised popular expectations about England’s chances of winning the trophy for the first time since 1966. As the tournament started in Japan and South Korea, the popular mood surrounding the team manifested itself through the widespread flying of the England flag on a scale not seen during previous sports tournaments. 2002 saw a move away from the Union flag and towards the flag of St George as a symbol of English sport and, by extension, English identity. During May and June, it was easy to see where the celebrations for Queen Elizabeth II’s golden jubilee were being marked with the red, white, and blue, and where St George was being mobilised for the England team. People flew the England flag from homes, pubs, shops, and vehicles; some people even painted the outside of their houses with the design. Most of these flags disappeared soon after England’s disappointing quarter-final defeat by Brazil. A few remained into the winter, hanging worn and neglected from car radio aerials.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".