Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 is expressed in the horizontal pathway of the vervet monkey retina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ubiquitous distribution of the classic endocannabinoid system (cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2) has been demonstrated within the monkey nervous system, including the retina. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a cannabinoid-like non-selective cation channel receptor that is present in the retina and binds to endovannilloids and endocannabinoids, like anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and N-arachidonoyl dopamine. Retinal expression patterns of TRPV1 are available for rodents and data in higher mammals like humans and monkeys are scarce. We therefore thoroughly examined the expression and localization of TRPV1 in the retina, at various eccentricities, of the vervet (Chlorocebus sabeus) monkey, using Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that TRPV1 is found mainly in the outer and inner plexiform layers, and in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer with a higher density in the periphery. Co-immunolabeling of TRPV1 with parvalbumin, a primate horizontal cell marker, revealed a clear overlap of expression throughout the entire cell structure with most prominent staining in the cell body membrane and synaptic terminals. Furthermore, double labeling of TRPV1 and syntaxin was found throughout amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. Finally, double staining of TRPV1 and Brn3a allowed us to confirm its previously reported expression in the cell bodies and dendrites of RGCs. The presence of TRPV1 in the horizontal pathway suggests a function of this receptor in lateral inhibition between photoreceptors through the horizontal cells, and between bipolar cells through amacrine cells.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".