Nitrogen and Ergosterol Concentrations Varied in Live Jack Pine Phloem Following Inoculations With Fungal Associates of Mountain Pine Beetle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) contain some of the most ecologically and economically important insect species of conifer forests due to their ability to kill a large number of trees during periodic outbreaks, with cascading consequences for ecosystem function (Kurz et al., 2008; Bentz et al., 2010; Hicke et al., 2012; Seidl et al., 2014). Fungal symbionts associated with bark beetles can amplify the beetles’ damage by promoting successful host colonization and development (Harrington, 2005; DiGuistini et al., 2007; Six and Wingfield, 2011; Six, 2012; Wang et al., 2013, 2014; Therrien et al., 2015; Cale et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2019). In particular, fungal symbionts can facilitate beetle nutrition by either serving as a direct dietary substrate (e.g., ergosterol) , or indirectly concentrating host plant nutrients (e.g., nitrogen) (Ayres et al., 2000; Bleiker and Six, 2007; Goodsman et al., 2012). Although bark beetle species have multiple species of symbiotic fungi (Klepzig and Six, 2004; Klepzig et al., 2004; Roe et al., 2011a), how these fungi differ in the nutritional benefits they provide to the beetles is poorly understood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".