Efecto de la Edad Relativa en Cinco Ligas Europeas de Fútbol Profesional: Relative Age Effect on Five European Professional Soccer Leagues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
espanolLa influencia que puede presentar el mes de nacimiento de un deportista para alcanzar el alto rendimiento deportivo se conoce como Efecto de la Edad Relativa (RAE). Segun este, los deportistas nacidos en el primer trimestre del ano tienen mas opciones de llegar a la elite que el resto. Se estudio la existencia del RAE en las cinco ligas europeas de mas alto nivel en categoria masculina, en la temporada 2016-2017. Se analizo un total de 2538 fechas de nacimiento y se comparo las distribuciones por trimestres observadas con las esperadas mediante la prueba estadistica chi cuadrado. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas respecto a la distribucion esperada en la muestra total (p 0,05). Por tanto, el trimestre de nacimiento es una variable determinante para llegar al maximo nivel en el futbol actual. EnglishThe influence that the birth month of an athlete can have on a high-performance level in sports is known as Relative Age Effect (RAE). Based on this, athletes born in the first quarter of the year have more chances of reaching the elite than the rest. RAE’s presence was studied in five European leagues of the highest level in male category, in the 2016-2017 season. A total of 2538 birth dates were analysed and the observed distributions in each quarter were compared with those expected by the chi square statistical test. The results showed statistically significant differences regarding the expected distribution in the total sample (p 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the birth quarter is an important variable to reach the highest level in soccer.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".