A hitel-kölcsön, a lízing és a faktoring ügyletek nemzetközi szabályai [The International Rules of Crediting-Lending, Leasing and Factoring Transactions]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study shows the international relations of the main financial transactions. In the globalised banking and financial life there are three way of financing: i) money-based financing (crediting, lending) ii) equipment-based financing (leasing) and iii) asset-financing (factoring). Each bears a national character either, which have been exposed in the comparative parts, where the prestigious civil codes (Code Civil, Burgerlishes Gesetzbuch, Codice Civile) and of course the Hungarian Civil Code processed. All of this transaction has international regulations. For crediting and lending there are the the Rules for International Standby Practices (ISP98 or ICC 590) and the very new Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600) from 2007. The UNIDROIT prepared the Convention on International Financial Leasing and International Factoring in Ottawa 1988. The European Union is still unable to create a common private law or civil code, only the consumer loan, credit regulated. The tendencies in Hungary are in connection with the codification of the new Civil Code. This shall be the first civil code in Europe which apprises and contains rules for leasing and factoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".