Hollow waxberry-like cobalt–nickel oxide/S,N-codoped carbon nanospheres as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for OER, ORR, and HER
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the aggravation of the energy crisis, increasing attention has been paid to electrocatalytic technology for renewable energy devices. In particular, the research on catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has become more urgent, and the development of multifunctional electrocatalysts has become a research trend. Here we report the synthesis of waxberry-like cobalt-nickel oxide/S,N-codoped carbon hollow nanocomposites as trifunctional catalysts. Uniform cobalt-nickel glycerate solid spheres are first synthesized as the precursor and subsequently chemically transformed into cobalt-nickel oxide/S,N-codoped carbon hollow nanospheres. Benefiting from the synergistic coupling of cobalt-nickel oxide and S,N-codoped carbon nanocomposites, hierarchical porosity and hollow structure, the cobalt-nickel oxide/S,N-codoped carbon nanohybrids exhibit superior trifunctional electrocatalytic activity and durability towards OER, ORR, and HER in alkaline media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".