Fast Human Head and Shoulder Detection Using Convolutional Networks and RGBD Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce a new real-time approach for human head and shoulder detection from RGB-D data based on a combination of image processing and deep learning approaches. Candidate head-top locations (CHL) are generated from a fast and accurate image processing algorithm that operates on depth data. We propose enhancements to the CHL algorithm making it three times faster. Various deep learning models are then evaluated for the tasks of classification and detection on the candidate head-top locations to regress the head bounding boxes and detect shoulder keypoints. We propose three different models based on convolutional neural networks for this problem. Experimental results for different architectures of our model are discussed. We also compare the performance of our models to other state of the art methods in terms of accuracy of detections and computational cost and show that our proposed models are on par with the state of the art in terms of precision-recall of head detection and precision of shoulders detection, with the biggest advantage of our models being in terms of computation time. We also analyze the effect of adding the depth channel on the performance of the network.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".