Extending the photobleaching lifetime in the presence of an optical tweezers by wavefront engineering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Here we lay the foundations for a novel approach to simultaneously performing optical force spectroscopy and single-molecule fluorescence measurements by adapting techniques from wavefront engineering. Our method relies upon the axial displacement (i.e. along the direction of propagation of the trap laser) of an appropriately constructed Laguerre-Gaussian (LG), or ‘donut’ beam, to generate an optical force on a surface tethered microsphere. With this geometry, one maintains a region of near-infrared (IR) light below the microsphere, where a biomolecule of interest can be placed, that is low enough in intensity to not significantly interfere with fluorescence measurements. We are thus able to separate the fluorescence illumination from the trap light without having to physically separate the two by several micrometers, or employ long DNA linker molecules as handles. As a proof of principal, we show that within the region of low IR intensity, directly below the trap center, the photobleaching lifetime of the organic dye Alexa-647, which is highly sensitive to the intense trap light, is significantly extended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".