Massive, continuous, and non-invasive surface measurement of degree of saturation by shortwave infrared images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Short wave infrared (SWIR) image analysis provides an accurate procedure to measure the degree of saturation (Sr) of soils. Changes in Sr result in reflectance changes, which are recorded by a special digital camera optimized for a particular range of wavelengths that provides the maximum resolution of the method. This paper describes the developed methodology that relies on sample-determined calibration of soil reflectance for a few values of Sr covering the dry to fully saturated range of moistures. The accuracy of the method was checked by comparing equilibrated profiles of SWIR-determined Sr with other procedures (sensor readings and water retention information). It was found that the SWIR-based method correlates well with the degree of saturation of the soil but not with its water content, which may change for a given Sr when the soil deforms volumetrically. The transient variations of Sr are also well captured by the method. The recorded evolution of two-dimensional Sr maps of an initially unsaturated soil column compares satisfactorily with the results of a numerical model.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".