Avidity maturation of ACPA in rheumatoid arthritis.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are present years before onset of symptoms. Avidity of (auto) antibodies can have a strong impact on their effector potency. Here, we analyzed the avidity of ACPA in pre-disease, early-disease and established RA samples as well as avidity maturation in time in samples of healthy subjects that later developed RA. METHODS: We measured ACPA avidity in samples from ACPA-positive healthy individuals, symptomatic individuals and patients with established RA derived from five collections from The Netherlands, Canada and Austria. Furthermore, we determined the dynamics of avidity maturation of ACPA from the stage of pre-disease to established disease in one case from the native North American population and 10 cases from a Dutch blood donor cohort. RESULTS: The overall ACPA response was characterized by low avidity antibodies. Individuals with higher avidity ACPA were confined to symptomatic patients, while low avidity ACPA were observed in both healthy subjects and patients. In longitudinal samples obtained from subjects prior to disease onset, the ACPA avidity increased over time until disease onset. Following onset of disease no further avidity maturation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Avidity maturation of the ACPA response takes place prior to disease onset.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".