Characteristic Features of Compound Bows from the Ulug-Choltukh Burial Ground of Airydaş Type in the Altai Mountains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose. The article explores and analyzes several defining design characteristics of horn plates of compound bows, detected in the course of archaeological excavations of several male burial places at the Ulug-Choltukh burial ground. Located in the valley of the Edigan River in the middle course of the Katun River in the Altai Mountains; these were explored for several field seasons in the 2000s. Results. This article outlines the primary events related to the history of archaeological studies of findings of the compound bows of ancient peoples (Xiongnu-Xianbei time) in the Altai Mountains. The findings of the horn plates of compound bows detected in previous years in the course of excavations of Aidyraş type archaeological objects explored on the territory of the middle course of the Katun River are researched and analyzed. As a result of typological analysis, several types of compound bows are singled out among studied findings of horn plates, detected in the course of excavations of male interments at the archaeological funerary burial grounds Aidyraş I and Ulug-Choltukh. The conclusion sums up the several results of carried out explorations. Identification of horn plate findings of compound bows found during excavations of the Aidyraş burial ground, and studied in the Chemalsky District in the Altai Republic, has made it possible to relate them to long-range combat armament objects that were available to the natives who inhabited the valleys of the Katun and Edigan Rivers during the historical period of the 2nd quarter of the 1st millennium AD. The carried out typological research significantly supplements the previously known history of development of long-range combat weapons of the Altai Mountains in the course of the studied Xiongnu-Xianbei chronological period, right before the Early Middle Ages. Conclusion. The resulting typological classification of compound bows as part of a collection of horn plates findings detected in the course of excavations of the Ulug-Choltukh burial ground, clarifies the specificities and quantity of types of this long-range combat weapon kind among the Aidyraş weapons complex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".