Dietary Supplement Use among Non-athlete Students at a Canadian University: A Pilot-Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the emerging evidence of adverse consequences and interaction with doping substances, dietary supplements (DS) are commonly used by many Canadians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns and determinants of current DS use among non-athlete students at a Canadian university using a cross-sectional approach. Of the 475 participants who completed the online survey, 43.4% declared using DS in the past six months. Participants who were male, aged ≥20 years old, and had a parent/guardian with a bachelor's degree were significantly more likely to use DS. The types of DS used and the sources of information regarding DS were significantly influenced by age and gender. The most commonly used DS were vitamin and mineral and protein supplements. Most participants referred to healthcare professionals for information on DS, but many continued to depend on unreliable sources including family and friends. Of DS users, 10.1% reported experiencing adverse events from using DS. Findings from this study indicate that supplementation is very common among Canadian non-athlete students and highlight the urgent need for the development of educational programs surrounding DS use.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".