“Minor” literature of an itinerant culture: Goulet, Campbell, and the Canadian Métis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Canadian Métis population historically was marginalized and then oppressed, yet retains cultural vibrancy. The movement and adaptation necessary to survive became defining characteristics of their artistic expression, and the Métis who once spoke French and autochthonous languages now speak mostly English, albeit embroidered with traces of previous languages. Examining Métis literature reveals how language migrates, adapts, and transforms as a living phenomenon, in a Deleuzo-Guattarien process of continual movement, plateau-reaching, and regrouping while seeking new favorable environments (which means the ability to work, which increasingly means speaking English in this context). This historical literary unfolding is traced here in works by Louis Goulet, Maria Campbell, Marilyn Dumont, and Rita Bouvier, to demonstrate the development of a minor literature as defined by Deleuze and Guattari, and of a literature that emanates from a culture of inclusivity and itinérance as described by François Paré, who focuses on the French-Canadian diaspora beyond Quebec. Métis literature is resistant by nature, representative of a population that is not in the majority. The writings considered here share fundamental characteristics of numerous other minority literary expressions of survival and resistance. In addition to Deleuze and Guattari and Paré, helpful critical perspectives include those of Pamela Sing, Emma LaRocque, and Gloria Anzaldúa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.045 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".