Clinical efficacy of the combined treatment of anti-PD-L1 rat-bovine chimeric antibody with a COX-2 inhibitor in calves infected with Mycoplasma bovis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M.bovis) is a highly contagious pathogen and M. bovis-associated diseases, particularly pneumonia, occur predominantly as herd enzootics, causing considerable economic losses because of calf mortality, weight loss in surviving calves.In our previous studies, the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were shown to be involved in the immunosuppression during chronic infectious diseases in cattle.In this study, the efficacy of dual blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and PGE 2 in M. bovis infection in vivo was investigated using anti-bovine PD-L1 rat-bovine chimeric antibody, Boch4G12, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, meloxicam.The calves treated with Boch4G12 and meloxicam significantly enhanced M. bovis-specific IFN-γ response after the administration.On the other hand, IFN-γ response was not activated in the controls and cattle treated with meloxicam alone throughout the experimental period.Interestingly, bacterial loads in nasal discharge and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among calves treated with Boch4G12 with or without meloxicam were significantly decreased.These results suggest that the combination of anti-PD-L1 antibody with a COX-2 inhibitor is a candidate for therapeutic applications in calves infected with M. bovis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".