Impact of climate change on building heating and cooling energy demand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Office buildings are responsible for a substantial portion of the energy demand in the commercial sector. To better understand and address the impacts of climate change on building energy demand and comfort levels, this keynote will present studies done in different regions (cool-humid, cold-humid, and very cold climate zones) of Canada using climate projections for the 2056-2075 period. This work also investigates the effect of extending thermostat setpoint, as a demand response strategy, on reducing energy demand under future climate conditions. The results indicate a decrease in the heating demand and an increase in the cooling load because of the warmer temperatures on average across Canada. However, the magnitude of change varies significantly among the different selected climate zones (5, 6, and 7). In addition, extending the temperature setpoints would reduce the average energy demand by 8.0-19.2% in Quebec City, 1.8-9.0% in Toronto, and 1.8-9.6% in Vancouver. Finally, the greenhouse gas emissions linked to space heating and cooling of the office building model are determined, illustrating the critical need to transition to low-carbon sources of energy, especially in areas with high emission factors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".