Deep Learning-Based Forecast and Warning of Floods in Klang River, Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are state of the art technique for time-series sequence learning. They are less commonly applied to the hydrological engineering area especially for river water level time-series data for flood warning and forecasting systems. This paper examines an LSTM network for forecasting the river water level in Klang river basin, Malaysia. The river water level contains of two features dimension and one timeseries observed data, in this study, prediction responses for river water level data using a trained recurrent neural network and update the network state function is applied. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) in order to get comparison of the generalization solving problem also performed. The performance indicates with the root mean square error, RMSE 0.0253 and coefficient of determination value, R 2 0.9815 are closely accurate when updating the network state compared with the RBFNN results. These results verified that the LSTM network with specified training set options is a promising alternative technique to the solution of flood modelling and forecasting problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".