Microcellular structure assisted phase transformation of polyvinylidene fluoride/titanium dioxide nanocomposites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite foam with microcellular structures based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) was fabricated by the combination of melt compounding and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) foaming. To improve its dielectric performance, silane modified and unmodified titanium dioxide nanoparticles were added as reinforcing fillers at low weight percentages (0.5, 1, and 5 wt%) during the melt blending process. It was found that the incorporation of nanoparticles had a strong influence on cell morphology. As a result, the foaming process significantly altered the dielectric, and mechanical properties of the composite foams. The dielectric constants of the composite foams were no longer frequency dependent while tan delta was lowered at least by a factor of 10. Furthermore, the porous structure generated by foaming also assisted the α-to-β phase transformation of the PVDF matrix in a way similar to mechanical stretching. Such method is superior to other phase transformation techniques since β-phase PVDF can be produced in bulk geometries instead of a thin film configuration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".