Metacognition Is Uniquely Related to Concurrent and Prospective Assessments of Negative Symptoms Independent of Verbal Memory in Serious Mental Illness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inability to synthesize information into experience of self and others could be one significant cause of negative symptoms. To explore this possibility, we examined the relationships between baseline metacognition and concurrent and prospective negative symptoms controlling for verbal memory. The participants were 62 adults diagnosed with serious mental illness enrolled in outpatient treatment. Metacognition was measured with the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated, symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and verbal memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test. Significant correlations were found, indicating that poorer overall metacognition was associated with greater levels of negative symptoms assessed concurrently (r = 0.39) and 1 month later (r = 0.36). A significant relationship persisted after controlling for verbal memory and education. These findings support the idea that metacognitive deficits are related to negative symptoms and point to the potential of metacognitive interventions to positively influence negative symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".