Applying modified gravity to the lensing and Einstein ring in Abell 3827
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lensing and Einstein ring at the core of the galaxy cluster Abell 3827 are reproduced in the modified gravity theory (MOG). The estimated effective lensing mass ${M}_{L}=(1+\ensuremath{\alpha}){M}_{b}=5.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ within $R=18.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kpc}$ for a baryon mass ${M}_{b}=1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ within the same radius produces the observed Einstein ring angular radius ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{E}=1{0}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$. A detailed derivation of the total lensing mass is based on modeling of the cluster configuration of galaxies, intracluster light and x-ray emission. The MOG can fit the lensing and Einstein ring in Abell 3827 without dark matter as well as general relativity with dark matter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".