Working capital, profit and profitability: An absolute and relational study of selected leading Indian pharmaceutical firms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The working capital of the business organization is the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The working capital (WC) governs sales of the business organization directly while sales define the profits. Working capital activates the fixed resources and utilizes the factors of production and it is a bases for the production of goods and services. Working capital is the factor that plays a vital role in the enhancement of sales turnover and profits, ultimately. The present study considers and covers the financial data of selected Indian pharmaceutical companies for the period 2013-2018 for the study of the impact of profitability of the working capital on sales and profits. Ratio analysis is the base of the study while some statistical techniques are to be used to get the mutual relationship, trend, and comovement of the WC and sales, earnings before interest, depreciation, and tax (EBIDT), profit before tax (PBT), and profit after tax (PAT) of the selected Indian pharmaceutical companies. The combined inferences of the absolute and relational study explain that the WC governs the profit positively but not proportionately. There is a need to control the indirect expenses or non-manufacturing expenses of the business to enhance the profitability corresponding to WC movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".