Fracture Behavior of Heavily Cross-Linked Epoxy: Testing, Fractography, and Numerical Modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Heavily cross-linked epoxy was characterized under different types of loading. The scope of work involves detailed testing procedures utilizing high-precision digital image correlation (DIC) system for all strain measurements. Fractographic analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also provided. Besides, computed tomography (CT) scans were employed to characterize existing manufacturing imperfections, i.e., voids. Numerical modeling using extended finite element method (XFEM) utilizing the actual microstructure is conducted. Testing results and fractographic analyses showed that microvoids led to failure initiation at micro lengths. An unstable fracture behavior dominated the final failure under different types of loading. Global plastic deformation was observed in the case of uniaxial tension, while local plasticity was observed in specimens under three-point loading. It can be concluded that epoxies failure under a combined state of stresses is sophisticated, and straightforward stress/strain-based failure criteria are not well-suited for failure predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".