Uncommon Adverse Effects of Deoxycholic Acid Injection for Submental Fullness: Beyond the Clinical Trials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
, Allergan, Markham, ON, Canada) is a minimally invasive injectable treatment approved by Health Canada for the nonsurgical reduction of submental fullness. Multiple phase III clinical trials have proven the efficacy and safety of deoxycholic acid. In the clinical trials, the most common adverse events (AEs) reported, such as injection site pain, numbness, swelling, bruising and induration, were transient and mild-to-moderate in severity. Additional postmarketing AEs have been reported in the literature. In this study, we reviewed the uncommon reported events and aimed to increase clinician awareness of the potential adverse effects for patient counselling of risks and benefits, identify AEs of procedures that may be performed outside of the medical environment, and identify factors that increase the risk of an adverse event. Beyond the clinical trials, real-world case reports and case series have been reported for the AEs of alopecia, transient neuropraxia, vascular occlusive events/vascular injury, and skin necrosis. Dermatologists need to be aware of these risks, for the treatment and management of their own patients and for those patients who may be treated outside the medical clinic environment that present for medical management of these AEs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".