Water quality changes during aquifer storage and recovery at Bolivar, South Australia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water in aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is an important tool for water sustainability in arid regions. The demand on groundwater is reduced and abundant resources, such as storm water or sewage effluent, are utilised. A field trial at Bolivar, South Australia is investigating the viability of reclaimed water ASR in a limestone aquifer. Injection of 250 ML reclaimed water was followed by approximately 16 weeks of storage with subsequent recovery of 150 ML. Upon commencement of injection both aerobic organic matter oxidation and denitrification were observed within a 4m radius from the injection well. In contrast, the storage phase was indicative of higher microbial activity centred at the ASR well. Sulphate reduction up to 1.5 mmol L−1 was evident in water sampled from the ASR well while sulphate concentrations at the 4m radius remained constant. Buffering by dissolution of calcium carbonate was evident during both the injection and storage periods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".