28–32 GHz Dual-Polarized Single-Layer Microstrip Line Beamforming Network for 2×2 Beam Switching
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2×2 dual-polarized passive analog beamforming network is presented for millimeter-wave application in the range of 28-32 GHz. Two identical 2×2 networks, one for each polarization (H and V) are integrated on a single substrate layer. Highly isolated crossover is used to cross the RF signal for each polarization. To avoid spurious radiation, the microstrip line circuit is packaged with the AMC. The beamforming network has four beam-ports for each polarization. Therefore, eight beams can be generated, simultaneously. The 90°hybrid couplers are used to achieve 2D progressive phase shift at two stages. The transmission of -6.5 ± 0.25 dB is achieved from the beam-ports to the array-ports. Similarly, the progressive phase shift of 90°± 5° is achieved in X and Y direction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".