Monitoring Performance of Low-ppm Corrosion Inhibitor in Long Cross-country Pipeline Carrying Very Light Hydrocarbons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Bitumen diluents with very low basic sediment and water (<0.5%) are transported in Enbridge’s (the Company) pipelines. The dissolved water and oxygen in diluents have the potential to cause corrosion in the pipeline. In addition, low density and viscosity of the diluent facilitate solid settling, raising the risk of under deposit corrosion. These potential corrosion risks are mitigated by continuous application of a corrosion inhibitor and regular pipeline pigging to remove the solids. Previously, a modified NACE TM-0172 method was developed to identify a suitable corrosion inhibitor (NACE-2019-13028). A highly sensitive analytical method to measure the sub-ppm inhibitor residual was also developed as a key performance monitoring tool (NACE-2019-13112). In this study, we report the results from an ongoing continuous pipeline inhibitor program. Specifically, inhibitor residual was measured in diluent as well as solids collected at various locations from the cross-country pipeline. The corrosivity of the diluent was assessed by NACE TM-0172.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".