Polyploidy and evolution of breeding systems in an arctic-alpine species complex of Primula : an integrative phylogenetic and cytogenetic study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
neu gebildeten Polyploiden vom Wechsel von Heterostylie zur Homostylie abhingen, d. h.vom Wechsel von obligater Fremdbestäubung zur Selbstkompatibilität.In Kapitel 5 werden Vorschläge für zukünftige Projekte aufgelistet.Da bei Aleuritia die meisten Polyploiden eine hybride Herkunft haben, ist es noch unklar, ob Hybridisierung oder Polyploidisierung das Auftreten der Homostylie bewirkt haben.Gleichermassen unklar bleibt, ob die Rekombination selber den genetischen Mechanismus darstellt, der den Wechsel zur Homostylie verursacht.Schliesslich würden molekulare Datierungen ermöglichen abzuschätzen, ob die Quartäreiszeiten eine wirklich zentrale Rolle in der Entwicklung von Aleuritia gespielt haben.*after Lewis and Jones (1992), Richards (1997), andBarrett (2002) Twenty-seven perennial species are currently ascribed to Primula sect.Aleuritia Duby (hereafter called Aleuritia), 21 to subsect.Aleuritia and six to subsect.Algida Richards (cf.Fig. 3; Richards, 2002).Aleuritia is the only section with species at the diploid (2n=2x=18), tetraploid (2n=4x=36), hexaploid (2n=6x=54), octoploid (2n=8x=72), and tetradecaploid (2n=14x=126) level, and a chromosome base number of x=9 (Richards, 2002).All species known to be diploid are heterostylous and all species known to be polyploid are homostylous, with the exception of the A.B. Figure 3. Photographs of selected species of Primula sects.Aleuritia and the two species of sect.Armerina (P.nutans and P. egaliksensis) supposed to hybridise with P. mistassinica of sect.Aleuritia.General habit of (a) P. anvilensis, (b) P. egaliksensis, (c) P. farinosa, (d) P. incana, (e) P. laurentiana, (f-g) P. mistassinica, (h) P. magellanica, (i) P. nutans, (j) P. pinnata, (k) P. yuparensis, (l) P. stricta, and close-up of flowers of (m) P. anvilensis, (n) P. egaliksensis, (o) P. incana, (p) P. magellanica, and (q) P. stricta.All pictures were taken by A. Guggisberg, except (f) and (j, h, k, p) which were kindly provided by B. Bennett and P. Eveleigh, respectively.P. stricta (14x) P. mistassinica (2x) P. incana (6x) P. laurentiana (8x) EUROPE P. farinosa (2x) P. modesta (2x) P. scotica (6x) P. scandinavica (8x) P. borealis (4x) ASIA AMPHI-BERINGIAN AMPHI-ATLANTIC P. anvilensis (2x) P. alcalina (2x) P. specuicola (2x) P. magellanica (8x) SOUTH-AMERICA P. halleri (4x) P. nutans (2x; Armerina) CIRCUMBOREAL P. egaliksensis (4x; Armerina) P. frondosa (2x) P. yuparensis (4x) P. sachalinensis (4x) NORTH-AMERICA P. exigua (2x)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".