Thirty years of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> astronomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
${\text{H}}_{3}^{+}$, the simplest polyatomic molecular ion, has been discovered to play an extensive role in the physics and chemistry of astrophysical environments such as interstellar molecular clouds and the atmosphere of giant planets in our Solar System and beyond. This review presents an account of the progress achieved in this realm after three decades of planetary and interstellar observations, starting from its first, unexpected identification in Jupiter's atmosphere up to the most recent data returned by the $J\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o$ and $C\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i$ missions, the characterization of gas in the center of our Galaxy, and the latest measurements and calculations of the physical and chemical properties of this fundamental ion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.056 | 0.055 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".