Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties From the Electric Field-Induced Ferroelectric Transition at the MPB of BiGaO₃-Substitued Na<sub>1/2</sub>Bi<sub>1/2</sub>TiO₃-BaTiO₃(NBT-BT)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A ternary solid solution of lead-free Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3and BiGaO3 (NBT-BT-BG) was prepared using conventional, solid-state synthesis. Compositions were prepared near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of (1- x)NBT-x BT, located near x= 0.04 -0.09, and then systematically substituted with 2-5 mol% BG to investigate the effect of the compositional change on the accompanying properties. Dielectric, ferroelectric (FE), and piezoelectric properties were analyzed and compared for all prepared compositions. The FE to ergodic (ER) relaxor transition temperature (TF-R) and the reversible electric field-induced relaxor to FE transition were investigated to determine their effects on the strain response. It was found that the MPB composition of 0.93NBT-0.07BT required the least amount of the tertiary phase, 3 mol% BG, to reach a disordered, ER state while also requiring the largest electric fields to induce an FE phase compared with similarly substituted NBT-x BT samples. This led to a maximum unipolar strain of 0.53% (d33* = 866 pm/V) for the 0.93NBT-0.07BT-0.04BG composition. The largest strains for each system occurred in compositions that were in the ER region at room temperature. These results demonstrate that the addition of BG most effectively destabilizes the long-range dipole order near the MPB composition of NBT-BT, which results in an enhanced electric field-induced strain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".