On the hydrodynamic stability of an imploding rotating circular cylindrical liquid liner
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The hydrodynamic stability of an imploding cylindrical liquid liner is analytically and numerically investigated. Such dynamic system can be used to compress gas trapped by the liner, as one may seek in a hydrogen fusion reactor. For such system it is vital for the liner to stay intact at least up to the turnaround point, which marks the point of maximum compression of the inner gas. New two-dimensional linear stability of Bell-type equation and Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximations are derived to account for the rotation of the liner. Excellent agreement is achieved between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and 1D analysis for the trajectory of the unperturbed liner. Very good agreement is also achieved between the Bell type linear stability solution and the CFD until non-linear effects take hold near the turnaround point. The WKB approximation also agrees well but only at the early stage of the liner motion. Viscosity, surface tension and inner gas stability waves are found to have a small effect for a liner’s radial compression of up to ten. It is seen that the rotation has little effect on the perturbation amplitude during the accelerating stage of the liner, which is dominated by a slow oscillatory growth of a Bell-Plesset type at the studied conditions. However, at the decelerating stage towards the turnaround point, Rayleigh–Taylor rapid perturbation growth is suppressed at sufficiently large rotation rates. Hence, when coupled with non-linear saturation effects, the liner stays much intact until the turnaround point for radial compression ratios of up to ten. New simple linear stability limits are derived and are analysed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".