Effect of steric constraints on the physico‐electrochemical properties of sulfonated polyaromatic copolymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The impact of incorporating additional steric restrictions into highly sterically encumbered sulfonated polyaromatic polymers was investigated. Copolymers possessing between 0 and 10% nonlinear ortho or meta biphenyl units in an otherwise linear para biphenyl‐containing sulfo‐phenylated poly(phenylene) were synthesized in yields >80% and evaluated on the basis of their physical and electrochemical properties. When incorporated into sulfonated copolymers in ≤5 mol%, ortho and meta linked biphenyl moieties reduced membrane swelling in water by up to 23 and 19 vol%, respectively, compared to strictly para biphenyl‐linked copolymers. Despite this, copolymers possessing nonlinear, biphenyl‐linked monomers displayed a decrease in proton conductivity and mechanical strength. This study reinforces the importance of considering restricted rotation, backbone flexibility, and chain entanglement in the design of polymers aimed at improving their physical and electrochemical properties. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".