Pain and depression in women with rheumatoid arthritis: The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pain is the main symptom of the disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This disease is the most common arthritis identified in women. Many studies have stated that there is a relationship between chronic pain and depression. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing pain and depression in women with RA. METHODS: Four patients with RA were included in a single-subject study with multiple baseline design conducted in Tabriz, Iran, in 2017. Scores were measured with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) before and during treatment periods. RESULTS: The effect sizes according to the results of the BDI for the first, second, third, and fourth subject were 5.00, 0.66, 5.00, and 6.00, respectively. The effect sizes of the MPQ for the first, second, third, and fourth subject were 2.24, 3.44, 5.74, and 2.79, respectively. CONCLUSION: The symptoms of depression are high among patients with RA due to chronic pain. CBT significantly reduced pain and depression in patients with RA. CBT is a great help in reducing the physical and mental problems of patients with RA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".