Extension of direct displacement‐based design for quantifying higher mode effects on controlled rocking steel cores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Direct displacement‐based design (DDBD) procedure utilizes an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom model to predict seismic demands while neglecting the higher mode effects. Controlled rocking steel cores (CRSCs) vibrate in the first mode of vibration; however, higher modes greatly influence the member forces. Previous studies, in which DDBD has been utilized, have not quantified the contribution of higher mode demands to CRSC's assemblies. This paper aims to extend the DDBD (EDDBD) procedure for low‐damage buildings, equipped with CRSCs. Modal responses are combined with modified SRSS at the design displacement. Design is formulated for the strength and stiffness of the CRSC components. The application of the proposed design approach is illustrated by 3‐, 9‐, and 15‐story archetypes. Results verified by nonlinear dynamic analyses demonstrate the high precision of EDDBD in the design of low‐ to mid‐rise CRSCs. The proposed procedure is applicable to commercial software.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".