Forecasting Sales and Return Products for Retail Corporations and Bridging Among Them
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to show how we can bridge sales and return forecasts for every product of a retail store by using the best model among several forecasting models. Managers can utilize this information to improve customer's satisfaction, inventory management, or re-define policy for after sales support for specific products. The authors investigate multi-product sales and return forecasting by choosing the best forecasting model. To this aim, some machine learning algorithms including ARIMA, Holt-Winters, STLF, bagged model, Timetk, and Prophet are utilized. For every product, the best forecasting model is chosen after comparing these models to generate sales and return forecasts. This information is used to classify every product as “profitable,” “risky,” and “neutral,” The experiment has shown that 3% of the total products have been identified as “risky” items for the future. Managers can utilize this information to make some crucial decisions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".