Land-Use Changes the Chemical and Physical Properties of an Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different land-uses on physical and chemical properties of Oxisols under cerrado conditions in central region of Goiás, Brazil. The data were analysed in a randomized experimental design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement with five replications. The land-uses were: 1-Annual crops, 2-Pasture, 3-Sugarcane and 4-Native forest (control). The second factor consisted of three sampling depths: 0-0.05, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. The physical attributes analysed were: total clay (TC), natural clay (NC), bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), total porosity (TP), degree of flocculation (DF), soil resistance to penetration (SRP), gravimetric water content (%GWC). Chemicals attributes analized: pH in water (pH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), potential acidity (H+Al), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (T) and base saturation (V%). Annual crops showed higher K levels (0-0.3 m) and lower SOM values (0-0.3 m), Ca and Mg (0-0.05 m) affecting T in relation to the forest. The use sugarcane showed higher values of BD, PD and SRP, and smaller values of TP, SOM, P and T. On the other hand, the values of Ca and Mg are kept close to those of the control. The attribute V% is preserved for annual crops, sugarcane and pasture with values higher than those verified in native forest. The use pasture reduced TP and P and Ca, Mg and T. The land-uses studied reduced soil quality compared to the forest, in descending order were sugarcane > annual crops > pasture.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it