COOK'S THIRD VOYAGE TO THE PACIFIC AND EARLY SCIENTIFIC ASTRONOMY ON THE NORTH-WESTERN COAST OF AMERICA: THE SOJOURN AT NOOTKA SOUND IN APRIL 1778
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 1768 and 1778 England's premier maritime explorer, James Cook, made three much-published and very successful expeditions to the Pacific. Astronomy played a vital role in navigation and coastal cartography, and consequently there were astronomers on all three Pacific expeditions. On the final voyage Cook would lose his life in Hawaii, but not before exploring the north-western coast of the American continent and visiting Nootka Sound on the western shores of Vancouver Island. In this paper we review the challenge of accurately determining latitude and longitude in the eighteenth century; provide biographical information about the three astronomers on Cook's Third Voyage (Cook, King and Bayly); examine the range of astronomical instruments used during the Voyage, and the associated instrument-makers; describe the various types of astronomical observations made for latitude and longitude determinations; and review the observations that were made at Nootka Sound during the 3-week stopover of the <italic>Resolution</italic> and <italic>Discovery</italic> in April 1778.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it