Tunable polymer microgel particles and their study using microscopy and <scp>real‐time</scp> deformability cytometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report the preparation and mechanical properties of highly swellable, spherical polymer microgels synthesized by precipitation copolymerization of divinylbenzene‐55 (DVB), 4‐methylstyrene (4MS), and maleic anhydride (MA) at different cross‐linker contents, in a range of methylethylketone (MEK) and heptane solvent mixtures. Microgels were characterized by optical and confocal microscopy, and their mechanical properties tested using real‐time deformability cytometry (RT‐DC), a technique developed to analyze cell properties by measuring deformation under shear stress. Hydrolysis of anhydride groups gave microgels with diameters ranging from 10 to 22 μm when swollen in saline, depending on vol% MEK and cross‐linker loading. Young's moduli of the microgels could be tuned from 0.8 to 10 kPa by adjusting cross‐linker content and MEK/heptane solvent composition, showing an inverse relationship between the effects of vol% MEK and %DVB on microgel properties. These microgels also show strain‐stiffening in response to increasing shear stresses. Extension of the RT‐DC method to the study of polymer colloids thus enables high‐throughput analysis of microgels with tunable mechanical characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".